During open aortic surgery, interrupting the blood flow through the aorta by applying a cross-clamp is often a key step to allow for surgical repair. As a consequence, ischemia is induced in parts of the body distal to the clamp site.
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Why do you cross-clamp the aorta?
During open aortic surgery, interrupting the blood flow through the aorta by applying a cross-clamp is often a key step to allow for surgical repair. As a consequence, ischemia is induced in parts of the body distal to the clamp site.
What happens if you clamp the abdominal aorta?
An increase in filling pressures and left ventricular end-diastolic volume during cross-clamping of the aorta may result from blood volume redistribution from the venous vasculature in the lower part of the body to the upper part of the body, or it may represent an increase in afterload with subsequent increase in the …
What is the major concern of clamping the aorta?
The clamp-induced increase in cardiac afterload raises mean arterial pressure, causing shifts in blood volume and increasing myocardial oxygen demand, which can lead to left ventricular decompensation and failure.
Where is aortic cross-clamp placed?
Definition. Surgery on the descending aorta almost always involves the application of a cross-clamp so the surgeon is able to sew a graft to it. As a general rule, the more proximal the clamp is placed to the heart, the greater amount of stress it places on the heart.
How long can aorta be cross clamped?
The clamping of the aorta excludes the systemic circulation, by definition, thus causing an ischemia. When a long cross-clamping period (longer than 25 min) or a drop in distal aortic pressure below 50–60 mmHg is anticipated, the use of an intraoperative shunt may prevent complications such as paraplegia.
What is cross-clamp fibrillation?
Cross-clamp fibrillation is a well established method of performing coronary grafting, but its clinical effect on the myocardium is unknown. We sought to measure these effects clinically using the Khuri Intramyocardial pH monitor.
What is cross-clamp in cardiac surgery?
An aortic cross-clamp is a surgical instrument used in cardiac surgery to clamp the aorta and separate the systemic circulation from the outflow of the heart. An aortic cross-clamping procedure serves, for example, in the repairing of coarctation of the aorta.
What is a normal cross-clamp time?
In the majority of patients, 30–90 min of cross-clamp time was required. Less than 2% of patients required cross-clamp times greater than 120 min and these patients were excluded for the reasons noted above. Fig.
What is a vascular clamp?
A vascular clamp is a device surgeons use to prevent blood flowing into areas that are being operated on. A vascular clamp is a device surgeons use to prevent blood flowing into areas that are being operated on. They are also able to stem the flow of blood from severed or ruptured vessels.
Why is cross-clamp time important?
Conclusion: Prolonged cross-clamp time significantly correlates with major post-operative morbidity and mortality in both low- and high-risk patients. This effect increases with increasing XCL time. Prior knowledge on this effect can help in preventing some of these complications.
What is normal cross-clamp time?
In the majority of patients, 30–90 min of cross-clamp time was required.
What is cross clamp time in organ donation?
The time at which the flow of blood to a particular organ has been clamped off during a procurement.
What is a debakey clamp?
Debakey forceps are a type of atraumatic tissue forceps used in vascular procedures to avoid tissue damage during manipulation. They are typically large (some examples are upwards of 12 inches (36 cm) long), and have a distinct coarsely ribbed grip panel, as opposed to the finer ribbing on most other tissue forceps.
What is a bulldog clamp?
Summary: Bulldog clamps are useful in surgeries that require precise blood stoppage. The Bulldog clamp is a useful instrument for stopping blood flow to a particular organ of interest. One of the most common applications where a bulldog clamp can be used is during coronary surgery where blood flow must be stopped.
What is the clamp time in cardiac surgery?
In the majority of patients, 30–90 min of cross-clamp time was required. Less than 2% of patients required cross-clamp times greater than 120 min and these patients were excluded for the reasons noted above.
What does cross clamp mean in organ donation?
Cross Clamp Time. The time at which the flow of blood to a particular organ has been clamped off during a procurement.
What is the order of organ procurement?
Preparation and drape. Long midline sternal and abdominal incision (with transverse extensions if needed) Primary evaluation of all the torso organs (with frozen section evaluations when indicated) Control of the aorta for next step cannulation (abdominal; and thoracic if heart transplantation is planned)
What is a Satinsky clamp?
Satinsky Vascular Clamp for Vena Cava is a surgical instrument used to clamp a vessel for partial or total clipping of boats, especially vena cava during cardiothoracic surgery. A variety of variations is available for numerous surgical requirements.
When do you use Debakey forceps?
Debakey forceps are widely used during surgical procedures. Debakey forceps are a type of surgical forceps used to hold vascular vessels and tissue. They are specifically known for being atraumatic, or non-damaging.